Harp seal phylum Links: View taxon at iNaturalist Harvested species included harp seals, hooded seals, Caspian seals, elephant seals, walruses and all species of fur seal. It is known to be a true seal and is spotted along the marine coastlines of the Northern Hemisphere. They have no external ears. [4] Trên băng, chuột con gọi mẹ bằng cách la hét và gầm gừ khi chơi với những con khác. Since the Soviet Union limited the hunt on ribbon seals in 1969, their population has recovered. They have two from flipper which they use to swim and a tail to steer in the water. They are a migratory species that is much more wide-ranging and more pelagic than most of the other arctic seals. December 10, 2024 The best Harp Seals Facts For Kids. 8× body length in the Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossii) [16,17,18]. Learn more about ribbon seals. Harp seals occur only in the North Atlantic region. Topics briefly discussed are: Characteristics and taxonomy, distribution and abundance, ecology, behavior and physiology, life history, and interactions with humans. comm. S. Pagophilus groenlandicus (Harp Seal) is a species of mammals in the family earless seals. [3] The baby harp seal (pup) has a yellow-white coat at birth, but after three days, the coat turns white and stays white for about 12 days. Records: There are 8 records in the project database. In recent years, a few individual sightings have been reported each winter (J. It is a member of the Phocidae family, which includes other true seals like the Weddell seal and the harbor seal. They are native to Arctic Ocean, The Nearctic, Atlantic Ocean, and the Palearctic. Note the third animal figure. Ringed seal (Pusa hispida, formerly Phoca hispida) Caspian seal (Pusa caspica Harp seals gather on pack ice in large groups during breeding and molting seasons. Grey Seals have different colors between genders) but not as exaggerted as Otariidae - Solitary - No harems when Harp Seal Facts. Harp Seals are carnivores (meat-eaters). Learn all about Harp Seals, its scientific name & classification, evolution, appearance, physical features, physical abilities Harp seals spend relatively little time on land and prefer to swim in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans; They can remain submerged for up to 15 minutes. Welcome to the Alaska Handbook! Alaska Handbook provides one of the most comprehensive resources for those who love the great state of Alaska. The harp seal is both the According to the IUCN Red List, the global population size of the Harp seal is around 9 million animals, with the following estimates for the three distinct populations of this species: the northwest Atlantic stock - 7. These seals inhabit the Arctic and North Atlantic regions and are characterised by their distinctive white coats , which they shed after a few weeks Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) Tribe Phocini. Among scientific professionals, though, it’s more typically referred to by its formal name. Hooded seals are most likely to be confused on ice with bearded seals, and additionally in the water, with harp seals. Their nostrils are V-shaped. 4. They also feed on a variety of crustaceans. The scientific name of the harp seal is Pagophilus groenlandicus simply because most harp seal can be found in Greenland, and it means ‘ice-lover from Greenland. [ 170 ] The harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), also known as saddleback seal or Greenland seal, is a species of earless seal, or true seal, native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean. To be qualified in this family members must contain some general characteristics, such as a rounded body, the inability to rotate hind flippers forward, and have an absence of external ear flaps (SeaWorld, 2005). back fins) lift-based propulsion. Phylum: Chordata. The ringed seal starts its classification journey in the Kingdom: Animalia, indicating it’s a complex, living entity composed of cells with nuclei. The Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) is a species of earless seal, or true seal, native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean. Harbor seals complete both shallow and deep dives while hunting, depending on the availability of prey. Jan 1, 2018 · This chapter provides a species account for the harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus. 5- 2 m in length and weighing an average of 130 kg. The harp seal continues to exist as three geographically distinct populations. They inhabit the North Pacific Ocean and adjacent southern parts of the Arctic Ocean. The Harp Seal, scientifically known as Pagophilus groenlandicus, is a marine mammal belonging to the Animal Kingdom’s phylum Chordata and class Mammalia. Apr 19, 2022 · Mother harbor seals sometimes raise their pups in nurseries—groups of mothers and their young—that help protect the seals from predators. Despite this fact, efforts are continuously being made Harp seal pups are suddenly weaned from their mothers when they weigh approximately 80 lbs (36 kg). Learn about the seals habitat, breeding habits, diet, size, and more. Harp seals spend the majority of their time in coastal ocean waters near pack ice. Bruemmer, The Life of the Harp Seal (1977). Also, the harp seal uses its hind flippers (i. 5. Harp seals eat many different species of fish, including polar cod, halibut, Arctic cod, and capelin. The old males are marked with a brown crest on each side, suggesting the outline of a harp. Oct 7, 2023 · The harp seal is a pelagic, migratory species that occurs throughout the North Atlantic, from the Canadian coast in the west to the Barents Sea in the east and northward to pack ice regions in Arctic waters (Fig. The can stay May 27, 2024 · Harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) Ribbon seal (Histriophoca fasciata) Ringed seal Seals belong to the phylum Chordata. 7 to 2. They will often haul out of the water in some areas to rest and nurse their young. Harbor seals can remain submerged for up to 28 minutes and dive to depths of 90 m (295 ft); however, they routinely forage in shallower waters. A group of harp seals is called a colony or rookery. See F. They are sometimes called crawling seals to distinguish them from the fur seals and sea lions of the family Otariidae. Physical Description: Harp seals have pure black eyes and silver-gray coat to blend in with the snow. Harp Seal Pagophilus groenlandicus. Hooded seal pups are called “blue-backs” because of the blue-gray fur on their backs. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What are baby seals called?, How long do harp seals usually live?, How big are baby harp seals? and more. Harp Seals Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Class- Mammalia Order- Canivora Family- Phocidae Genus-Pagophilus Species: Pagophilus groenlandicus • By Jessica Haney Description Harp Seals are called the “ear-less seals” not because they can’t hear but because they do not have external ear flaps • They have a round and stout body Inuit people in Canada hunt harp seals mainly for food. [20] [21] Hawaiian monk seals breed and haul-out on sand, corals, and volcanic rock; sandy beaches are more commonly used for pupping. Individuals are known to live for 504 months and can grow to 1721. Harp Seal Habitat and Diet. Harp, harbor, ringed, bearded, and gray seals can be distinguished by pelage color, and head shape and size. Its eyes are pure black. 1); it is an obligatory ice-dependent species, relying on pack ice for most parts of the year and an abundant, high trophic level predator. Harp seals gather on pack ice in large groups during breeding and molting seasons. With populations increasing, they are now more common in Maryland than they were 10 years ago. The baby harp seal (pup) has a yellow-white coat at birth. By: Susan McEachern. Harp seals like to swim in the What Harp Seals Eat. Originally in the genus Phoca with a number of other species, it was reclassified into the monotypic genus Pagophilus in 1844. Harp seal pups are known for their long and wooly white fur and go through an elaborate series of molts before reaching their adult coloration. Diet. 25 meters thick. HARP SEAL: Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Phocidae Genus: Pagophilus Species: groenlandicus Earless seal is the common name for any of the pinnipeds comprising the family Phocidae, characterized by the absence of a pinna (external part of ear, although there is a functional inner ear), a side-to-side swimming motion involving the hind-flippers and lower body, and hind-flippers that cannot be inverted forward under the body, making for slow and awkward motion on land. Hooded seals share their range with five other phocids. Adult harp seals grow up to be 1. Attempts have been made to link harp seals with the demise of the once vast stocks of Atlantic cod, but this species is not an important component of the seal’s diet. Harp seals are found on or near ice floes from the Kara Sea of Russia west to the Gulf of St. After the 1940s, seals began to be hunted for their fur and one of the most prized species was the hooded seal, considered four times more valuable than other seals. Dittmar, pers. In Greek, its scientific name translates to "ice-lover from Greenland," and its taxonomic synonym, Phoca groenlandica translates to "Greenlandic seal. Did you know? While hunting, harp seals can hold their breath for up to 20 minutes. Several thousand harp seals reach their breeding grounds in January-February. Family Phocidae (true, or earless, seals) 18 species in 10 genera. Spotted seal (Phoca largha) Common seal or Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) Harp seal (Phoca groenlandica, formerly Pagophilus groenlandicus) Genus Pusa. Young ribbon seals look like young harp seals, and like these, they were hunted for their fur. It is a species of seal. Harp seals can live over 30 years in the wild. phylum Chordata The harp seal or saddleback seal is a species of earless seal native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and parts of the Arctic Ocean. ” Adult males and females are similar in size measuring about 1. Harp Seal in Anchorage Alaska- The Harp Seal (Phoca groenlandica) is a pinniped species characterized by its distinctive harp-shaped markings on its back, inhabiting the Arctic and North Atlantic regions. They have a black face with light gray fur covering their bodies and a horseshow-shaped black saddle on their back. ). They are solitary omnivores. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material. They can dive to depths of 800 feet Harp seal, (Pagophilus, or Phoca, groenlandica), medium-sized, grayish earless seal possessing a black harp-shaped or saddle-shaped marking on its back. Harp seals are small and uniquely marked. It now belongs to the monotypic genus Pagophilus. harp seal, Migratory earless seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus, sometimes Phoca groenlandica) of the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans. . 0 Oct 21, 2024 · Harbor Seal. Oct 30, 2023 · Ribbon seals are are among the most striking and easily recognizable seals. Diet: Seals are in the phylum Chordata. Subphylum: Vertebrata. Harp seals are sometimes called saddle-back seals because of the dark, saddle-like marking on the back and sides of their light yellow or gray bodies; females gather in groups to give birth. Aug 10, 2014 · Harp Seal. The fur gradually darkens to gray as the young seals mature. Taxonomy Version: Mammals 1. Their front flippers are equipped with sturdy, thick claws, whereas the claws on their back flippers are comparatively smaller and narrower. They often travel away from the pack ice during the summer and follow the ice north to feed in the Arctic. at maturity. Phoca (/ ˈ f oʊ k ə / FOH-kə) [1] is a genus of the earless seals, within the family Phocidae. In Greek, its scientific name translates to "ice-lover from Greenland The Latin name translates to "ice-loving seal of Greenland. The harp seal’s lineage: – Phylum: Chordata – Class: Mammalia – Order: Carnivora – Family: 1 12 100% Actual Size Fit Width Fit Height Fit Page Automatic Harp seals are born with a fluffy white coat, but as they grow older, it sheds and reveals a sleek silver-gray fur that helps them camouflage in the icy waters of the Arctic. What class do Seals belong to? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like harp seal, weddell seal, monk seal and more. Habitat. 150 years ago their used to be 9-10 million harp seals. [2] Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) Scientific Classification: Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Phocidae Genus: Pagophilus Harp seals were taken primarily for oil, pelts and meat. Its scientific name, Pagophilus groenlandicus, means "ice-lover from Greenland". It does have a few other, less often used titles, though. DID YOU KNOW? These seals can grow to more than 6 feet long and weigh approximately 400 lbs. Apr 20, 2022 · Harp seals gather on pack ice in large groups during breeding and molting seasons. Since they do not form herds, ribbon seals were more difficult to catch than harp seals. The Leopard Seal, scientifically known as Hydrurga leptonyx, belongs to the Animal Kingdom’s phylum Chordata and class Mammalia. These sleek swimmers cruise the chilly waters and feed on fish and crustaceans. The Canadian seal hunt is monitored by the Canadian government. groenlandicus Due to the fact that the harp seal has cells that contain complex structures within a membrane, it is classified as eukaryotic. Harp Seals eat mostly fish and crustaceans. These patterns are more distinct on the bodies of adult males. " May 1, 2015 · The harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), also known as Saddleback Seal or Greenland Seal, is a species of earless seal, or true seal, native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean. Conservation Status. The main color of its coat is pale grey when dry and steel More than 500,000 seals (hooded and harp seals) were caught per year between 1820 and 1860. This kingdom encompasses a vast array of life forms, all sharing the fundamental characteristic of being able to respond to their environment in varied and fascinating ways. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species lists the harp seal as “Least Concern”. Phylum: Chordata Class: Harp Seal - Phoca groenlandica Hawaiian Monk Seal - Monachus This family contains all of the "true seals" (such as the harp seal). Figure 1 is showing: The major forces associated with propulsion modes. What are kind of seals? There is a Leopard Seal, Harp Seal, Gray Seal, Harbor Seal, Northern Oct 27, 2020 · In hooded seals, the length of the small intestine is 13× body length, while the small intestines of the northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) and southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) average 25× body length and only 4. Harbor seals swim with alternate back-and-forth movements of their hind flippers. In U. This is the harp seal and its propulsive mode of pelvic oscillation shown. The harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), also known as Saddleback Seal or Greenland Seal, is a species of earless seal, or true seal, native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean. Feb 28, 2024 · Kingdom: Animalia. Genus Phoca (common seals) 7 species of the Northern Hemisphere: the Baikal seal, Caspian seal, harbour seal, harp seal, ribbon seal, ringed seal, and spotted seal. Three populations in the Barents Sea, East Coast of Greenland, and Northwest Atlantic Ocean are recognized based on geographic distribution as well as morphological, genetic, and behavioral differences. According to the IUCN Red List, the global population size of the Harp seal is around 9 million animals, with the following estimates for the three distinct populations of this species: the northwest Atlantic stock - 7. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Harbor seal population size is 350,000 to 500,000 individuals, which includes estimates for subspecies of the Harbor seal: Eastern Atlantic Harbor seal - 65,000, Western Atlantic Harbor seal - 60,000, Eastern Pacific Harbor seal - 170,000, Kuril seal - less than 10,000, Western Pacific Harbor seals Jan 3, 2025 · Together with walruses, seals and sea lions are classified as pinnipeds (suborder Pinnipedia). Harp seals arise in the pack ice during much of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. [169] After the 1960s, the harvesting of seals decreased substantially as an industry [ 167 ] after the Canadian government implemented measures to protect female seals and restrict the hunting season. Apr 20, 2022 · Harp seals live throughout the cold waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. Kingdom: Animalia; Phylum: Chordata; Class: Mammalia; Order: Carnivora ; Harp seals can stay underwater for up to 15 minutes. ’ Meanwhile, the dark harp-shaped mark that displays on its back gives the name harp seal. Harp seals are a midsized phocid (true seal or earless seal) that is silver in colour, with a black face and a characteristic black pattern on the back that resembles a harp. These seals spend two-thirds of their time at sea. At first, sealing was popular because there was a demand for oil and leather. [ 4 ] May 11, 2012 · Overview Mammal 3 Stocks Western North Atlantic Stock Gulf Herd Stock Front Herd Stock Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Phocidae Genus: Pagophilus Species: Groenlandicus They are earless seals (helps them dive better because they have no ear flaps) Harp Seals are very sociable and noisy They are carnivores Earless Seals - Ear holes behind the eyes - NO PINNA! - 13 genera, 18 species (ex. Pups are weaned off their mother’s milk only three to five days after birth, the shortest weaning period of any mammal. The Harp seal or Pagophilus groenlandicus has a silvery-gray body. The harbor seal’s diet consists mainly of fish, shellfish, and crustaceans. Taxonomy The taxonomy of both species Phylum: Chordata Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Class: Mammalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora "Seal (Harp)" Exploring Nature Educational Resource ©2005-2024. Those include the terms Greenland Seal and Saddleback Seal. The Harp Seal or Pagophilus groenlandicus, sometimes called the Saddleback Seal is a species of earless seal that is native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and parts of the Arctic Ocean. 5 million seals; the Greenland Sea population - 627,000 animals; and the White Sea breeding group - 1. The earless seals, phocids, or true seals are one of the three main groups of mammals within the seal lineage, Pinnipedia. Mother Harp seals can recognize their pup from their smell alone. 3. 4 million seals. The adult male is light grayish or yellowish, with brown or black on the head and a similarly coloured U-shaped marking on the back and sides. 36 mm. Harp seals also feed and travel in large groups during seasonal migrations. " Adult males and females are similar in size measuring about 1. Black head, with a black horseshoe or harp shape on its back. Foraging dives by Harp Seals can reach depths of up to 200 meters (656 feet) and last several minutes, during which time they use their streamlined bodies and powerful flippers to pursue and capture prey. It has black harp or wishbone-shaped markings on the back. They live in the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and parts of the Arctic Ocean. They eat a variety of fish and invertebrates, but mostly focus on smaller fish such as capelin, arctic and polar cod, and invertebrates with krill. The life span for harp seals is about 30-35 years Sep 15, 2022 · Hooded seals are also known as bladder-nosed seals due to this unique ability. Harp seals, sometimes seen as far S as Maine, are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Mammalia, order Carnivora. 5-2 m in length For instance, in 2007 to 2008 we evaluated the effects of harp seals on fish stocks and found: harp seal predation was not a significant factor in the lack of cod recovery ; there was no evidence that harp seals negatively impacted capelin population; Through the 2019 cod assessments we determined that harp seals aren’t primary drivers of cod These seals are named for their pattern on their back which looks like a harp. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for Marine Bio Semester 2 Exam, so you can be ready for test day. Leopard seals are apex predators found in the frigid waters surrounding Antarctica. Feb 6, 2009 · Harp Seals breed in the Arctic and northern Atlantic Ocean. The adult male has an irregular horseshoe-shaped black band across its back. Pups fur also known as lanugo. Phylogenetic Tree of Phocid Seals Page 2 of 12 The harp seal is classified as follows: Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Superfamily: Pinnipedia Family: Phocidae Genus: Pagophilus Species: P. They have parental care (female provides care). Feb 22, 2024 · Harp seals, scientifically known as Pagophilus groenlandicus, are a species of true seals that belong to the Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Carnivora, and Family Phocidae. The harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), also known as saddleback seal or Greenland seal, is a species of earless seal, or true seal, native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean. Originally in the genus Phoca with a number of other species, it was reclassified into the monotypic… Oct 9, 2023 · A harp seal is a placental mammal belonging to kingdom animalia phylum chordata. Lawrence in Canada. Figure 1. Kingdom: Animalia. Weddell seals are even more impressive. 0 m (5 to 6 feet) long and weigh from 140 Harp seal evolutionary action. Jan 21, 2016 · The harp seal’s lineage: – Phylum: Chordata – Class: Mammalia – Order: Carnivora – Family: Apr 20, 2022 · Harp seals gather on pack ice in large groups during breeding and molting seasons. [13] This means there is little difference between the males and females. Seals do not chew their food, they swallow it in large chunks. All animals from the phylum Chordata (chordates) are vertebrates. When harp seals are on land, they prefer rough ice that is at least 0. Con trưởng thành gầm gừ và kêu to để cảnh báo các loài đặc biệt và động vật ăn thịt. Its scientific name means icelover from Greenland, and its synonym, Phoca groenlandic Mar 22, 2023 · Harp seals, or Greenland seals, belong to the family of true seals and share the characteristic features of this group, such as short flippers and the absence of external ear flaps. Harp seals spend relatively little time on land and prefer to swim in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. Jul 17, 2014 · Harp Seal. Dec 2, 2012 · Harp seals, Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben, 1777), aka Phoca groenlandica, get their common name from the harp-shaped pattern on the dorsal (upper) side and flanks of adult harp seals. As recently as 1999, over 460,000 animals were taken in Canada. The harp seal has a silvery-gray body. The Latin name translates to “ice-loving seal of Greenland. Dec 15, 2020 · The Harp seal is a sea mammal of the fin-footed animal group and the Phocidae family (true seals with no external ears). 6. Harp seals are born with no protective layer of fat. The Harp Seal spends most of its life in the sea, however, it also goes onto ice floes. Ribbon seal (Histriophoca fasciata) Genus Phoca. It now contains just two species, the common seal (or harbour seal) and the spotted seal (or largha seal). The harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), also known as Saddleback Seal or Greenland Seal, is a species of earless seal, or true seal, native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean. Harbor seals normally prefer coastal habitats within this range and can often be observed in shallow waters in marinas, estuaries, and lagoons. Harp seals forage for food at depths of 150 to 200 m. These groups can contain up to several thousand seals. Harp Seal Reproduction. This ‘harp’ joins across the shoulders and curves toward the abdomen, then goes back up toward the hind flippers, where it disappears. The Harp seal is a sea mammal of the fin-footed animal group and the Phocidae family (true seals with no external ears). Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Class- Mamalia Order- Carnivora Genus- Pagophilus Species- Pagophilus Groenlandicus. Harbor seals along the Pacific coast usually give birth between February and July. Sep 27, 2024 · The harp seal or saddleback seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) is a species of earless seal native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and parts of the Arctic Ocean. Several species formerly listed under this genus have been split into the genera Pusa, Pagophilus, and Histriophoca. Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Phocidae Genus: Pagophilus Species: Groenlandicus; They are earless seals (helps them dive better because they have no ear flaps) Harp Seals are very sociable and noisy; They are carnivores Phylum and class: Harp seals are in the phylum of chordates and the class of mammals, which includes dugongs and humans. Genus Monachus 2. Mar 15, 2024 · Harp Seals are efficient hunters, using their keen senses of sight, hearing, and smell to locate prey in the water column and on the ocean floor. Monk seals spend much of their time foraging in deeper water outside of shallow lagoon reefs at sub-photic depths of 300 metres (160 fathoms) or more. Habitat:. The harp seal, also known as Saddleback Seal or Greenland Seal, is a species of earless seal, or true seal, native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and Arctic According to the IUCN Red List, the global population size of the Harp seal is around 9 million animals, with the following estimates for the three distinct populations of this species: the northwest Atlantic stock - 7. Genus Histriophoca. It is a member of the Phocidae family, commonly known as true seals, which also includes species like the harbor seal and gray seal. waters, they are found off the coast of Alaska. Harp seals brave open ocean waters when they migrate. Harbor, Grey, Ringed, Hooded, Bearded, Harp) - Flattened hairs forming a dense, waterproof coat - Many oil glands in skin - Thick epidermis with very thick blubber - Some sexual dimorphism (ex. The rest of the body is pale grey; Pups are born with a white coat, and do not gain their characteristic markings until the age of 12 for females, and seven for males. 0 m (5 to 6 feet) long and weigh from 140 to 190 kg (300 to 400 pounds). A marvel of Nature and evolution, this majestic creature most frequently goes by the simple common name of the Harp Seal. Harbor fishes feed on salmon, crabs, sea bass, herring, flatfish, squid, shrimp, etc. The harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), also known as the saddleback seal or Greenland seal, is a species of earless seal. Harp seals are also called saddle backs because of the dark spots on their sides and backs. The current population is around 250,000. Aug 7, 2014 · True seals. All true seals are members of the family Phocidae (/ ˈ f oʊ s ɪ d iː /). e. Nov 8, 2020 · Harbor seals give birth to live young that provide a high level of care from their mother during the nursing period. They also kill and eat different kinds of ducks. After three days, the coat turns white and stays white for about 12 days. They can crush the shells of crustaceans with their flat back teeth. job lier anhki ipbml kjna tjifnyhl mfkvy bflmg mmmqz uzoyubk