Miami county jail roster kansas. Visitation Guidelines and Hours Arranging a Visit.
Miami county jail roster kansas Oct 30, 2024 · The Linn County Jail is located at 107 South 4th Street, Mound City, KS, 66056, in Linn County. The Miami County Incarceration Facility has a capacity of How to Use the Miami Dade County Jail Roster Navigating to the Inmate Search Tool : On the Corrections and Rehabilitation Department’s website, locate the inmate search feature. To conduct a search, gather necessary details like the detainee’s full registered name, date of birth, or detainee reference code. Video visitation is the only option for visiting inmates, and all visits must be scheduled at least 24 hours in advance. This website contains information on inmates currently in custody in only the jail (s) listed below. Official Website and Email. Managed by the Miami County Sheriffs Office, this jail has the capacity to hold up to 111 offenders. The Miami Dade County Corrections and Rehabilitation Department operates the official website. Personnel Today, the jail staff is comprised of a jail captain, five jail sergeants, twenty-one deputy jailers, one jail nurse and one part-time jail nurse. To communicate with inmates or get additional information regarding the Miami County Jail, visit the official Miami County Sheriff’s Office website. Inmate Search and Roster Options Nov 5, 2024 · And families and friends of inmates at the Miami County Jail can call at 913-294-4444 or fax at or fax913-294-9119. It is overseen by the Linn County Sheriffs Department and serves as the primary detention center for the area. Phone Number: 913) 294-4444 Fax Number: Miami County KS Sheriff's Office, Paola, Kansas. This Adult jail, situated at 201 West Main Street, Troy, OH, 45373 is meant to hold those who have been arrested or are incarcerated for multiple offenses within the county. This site lists persons who were booked into the Crawford County Jail and does not imply that the persons were convicted of any charges. Jail Commander Miami County Jail South Pearl Street, Paola, KS - 0. To facilitate transparent operations and maintain community trust, the detention center offers a means for the public to access the Miami Dade jail roster, which provides information about current inmates. 1 miles. Franklin County Detention Center South Main Street 8-262(a)(1)(1) Driving while suspended; 1st conviction: STAT 8-291 Violation of restrictions on driver's license or permit: STAT 21-5706 Possession of controlled substance; unknown substance: STAT Nov 8, 2024 · Finding details about inmates within the Meade County Jail can be realized through several methods, ensuring clarity and accessibility for those seeking information. Tiffany Hostetler is the Jail Commander and Kim Brown is the Matron. Offenders from the Police and City jails are transferred to the jail after the paper work is done. Access inmate search tools, jail rosters, arrest records, and criminal records. Nov 29, 2024 · The Miami County Jail is situated in the city of Peru, Indiana, and functions as Adult mid-level security establishment for inmates. View the County jail inmate roster. . In order to arrange a visit to an inmate at the Miami County Jail, the following steps should be followed: Search for Public Records in Your Area. Clicking on any of the Miami County or city facilities below will direct you to an information page with Inmate Search, Visitation, Mail, Phone, Email, Court cases, Most Wanted, Recent Arrests, Bail/Bond and more. registration: STAT 40-3104 Vehicle liability insurance required; Unknown circumstance: STAT Inmate Roster and Who's in Jail. Inmate workers of the Miami County Jails may have extended visits (not to exceed one hour) during regular visitation hours. Our mission is to provide a reliable, efficient, and secure platform for friends, family, and concerned citizens to access critical information about incarcerated individuals in Miami-Dade County and across the state of Florida. March 18, 2020 at 7:34 pm EDT. Please remember to call 911 in the event of an emergency. Johnson County Kansas. Incorrect information? Suggest an edit! Suggest Edit × Name Address City County State Postal Code Phone Fax Email Inmate Mail Address Website Visitation hours Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Holiday Facility type Security level Offender gender Population (capacity) Employees Established in Warden Sheriff Sheriff Office The facility's direct contact number: 913-294-4444 This facility is for adult inmates. Sep 3, 2024 · The Miami County County Department of Corrections, through the Sheriff of Miami County County, operates the Miami County Jail in Paola, Paola, Kansas. Oct 12, 2024 · It’s possible to locate an inmate in the Spring Hill City Jail. Doral, FL 33178 County Jail Records Phone Address; Adams County Inmate Search: Click Here: 937-544-6310: 110 West Main Street, West Union, OH, 45693: Allen County Inmate Search: Click Here: 419-227-3535: 333 North Main Street PO Box 1243, Lima, OH, 45801: Ashland County Inmate Search: Click Here: 419-281-9009: 1205 East Main Street, Ashland, OH, 44805 Dec 15, 2024 · Communication with inmates is possible through postal services. Visitation may not be scheduled to interrupt normal required duties. Jail Resources for inmates who are currently imprisoned in Miami County Jail, Kansas. With a capacity to house up to 22 inmates, the Miami County detention center is responsible for detaining a variety of offenders, ranging from those awaiting May 27, 2024 · Most people want to get in touch with an inmate. HOW OFTEN IS INFORMATION UPDATED? WHEN WAS THE LAST UPDATE OF INFORMATION? To view those currently in custody, you need to prove you’re a human and not an automated program. You are now leaving the official website of Miami-Dade County government. Miami County Jail referred to as a medium security county jail situated in city of Paola, Miami County, Kansas. March 18, 2020 at 7:31 pm available for this report, a 115 bed jail would accommodate the county's need for approximately 15 years. The Miami County Detention Facility is located in Peru, Indiana. Click current inmates to view inmates currently at the Jefferson County, Kansas Sheriff's Office Detention Center. Carbondale Police Department Address: 202 Main, Carbondale , KS 66414 Phone: 785-836-7377 More Clay Center Police Department About Miami County Sheriffs Department / Miami County Jail. This jail allows for male and female detainees and is compliant with all Oct 15, 2024 · Use this website for informational purposes only. CR 25a Troy, Ohio 45373 (937) 440-3490 Miami County Jail Correctional Facility, located in the city of Paola, Miami County, Kansas, is a highly secured jail that currently hosts thousands of inmates. A. Miami County Jail 118 South Pearl Street Paola, KS 66071 Phone Number and Fax Number. Jun 22, 2024 · The Miami County Jail is situated in Paola, Miami County, Kansas. 7 miles Search for any inmate in custody (or released) who has recently been arrested in Miami County, in Kansas, or anywhere in the United States. It acts as a pivotal establishment for Miami County’s legal and correctional systems. Find latests mugshots and bookings from Huber Heights and other local cities. For specific details or questions regarding jail rules and regulations, contact a Jail Sergeant or Andrew Roush, Captain, at 913-294-3232. The information contained on this website is subject to disclosure pursuant to the Kansas Open Records Act (K. The mailing address for the Johnson County Jail is 27745 West 159th Street, New Century, KS, 66031. org, your premier online destination for locating individuals within Ohio’s correctional facilities. Inmates who are in this jail have their names published right on the website. The Miami County KS Jail is a medium-security detention center located at 209 S Pearl St in Paola, KS. Phone: 913-294-3232 . Legal Mail. A roster or inmate list is available at the Miami County Jail in Kansas. Office Phone (24-Hour): 620-364-2123. The Miami County Jail has a capacity of 48 inmates. Miami County KS Jail is a Medium security level County Jail located in the city of Paola, Kansas. Incorrect information? Suggest an edit! Suggest Edit × Name Address City County State Postal Code Phone Fax Email Inmate Mail Address Website Visitation hours Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Holiday Facility type Security level Offender gender Population (capacity) Employees Established in Warden Check this box if […] Dec 4, 2024 · The Saline County Jail is located at 251 North 10th Street, Salina, KS, 67401-2149, in Saline County. Official Website: Visit the official website of the police department. The address for this county jail is located at:, Paola, KS, 66071. 8:00 AM – 4:00 PM Jan 5, 2025 · The official address for the Louisburg Police Office is 5 Peoria Street, Louisburg, Kansas, 66053, nestled within the bustling urban area of Louisburg, in the heart of Miami County County. Mail request to: Miami County Sheriff's Office Attn: Records Division 209 South Pearl St Paola, KS 66071; Provide a report number (if available), date, time, location of the incident, name(s) of the person(s) involved. Phone About. Oct 14, 2024 · Use this website for informational purposes only. Family members and associates can find detainees using the Miami County Jail's digital inmate search tool, accessible via the Miami County Sheriffs Department website. Searchable list of current housed inmates in Saline County Jail updated as changes happen in the jail Miami County Detention Center Visitation Application Process. Jail Records in Miami County (Kansas) Explore Miami County, KS jail records with our directory. Miami County spans over 592 square miles of rolling, wooded hills, with a population of nearly 33,000 citizens and five incorporated cities that are Jail Physical Address: 209 S Pearl St Paola, KS 66071 Phone: (913) 294-3232 Fax: (913) 294-9547 Access important county jail information and resources. Kelly, is responsible for law enforcement, emergency management, and the county jail in Miami County, Kansas. Through the Sheriff’s Office The main method for conducting an offender search is via the Meade County Sheriffs Office. 1 miles The Miami County Sheriff's Office is responsible for law enforcement, emergency management, and the county jail in Miami County, Kansas. Phone: 765-472-1322 Fax: 765-472-7520. Paola, KS 66071. Pearl St. What are the visitation rules for Miami County KS Detention Center? How do you find someone who is in jail in the Miami County Detention Center? Search for information about an inmate in the Miami County Detention Center and view their jail mugshot: Review the Jail Roster; Call the Miami County Detention Center at 913-294-3232; Look up the offender's criminal charges; Find out their bond, and We believe that our website will not only provide you with the most up-to-date information regarding our agency but give you a better understanding of how the sheriff’s office serves and protects the residents of Miami County. The facility serves as a short-term holding location for individuals awaiting trial or those serving limited sentences. Miami County Jail is a minimum security jail which falls under jurisdiction of Miami, KS. Inmates are allowed to make phone calls during the following hours: Monday - Friday: 7:00 AM - 9:00 PM; Saturday and Sunday: 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM; Inmates are allowed to make a maximum of 30 minutes of phone calls per day. Sheriff’s Office & Detention Center . Butler County Inmates. This Adult detention center with an address at , Paola, KS, 66071, serves to ensure public safety by securely housing offenders. Managed by the Miami County Sheriffs Office, this jail has the capacity to hold up to 163 detainees. Miami County Detention Center has its own methods for receiving money for inmates, and that information can be found above or by calling 913-294-3232 and asking, however all jails and prisons all receive money for an inmate’s trust and commissary account, as well as an account used for communications, pretty much the same way. loga-jail: logan county sheriff's office: 0 (937) 592-5731: offline: 11/14/2022 10:12:00 am: miam-cpc: miami county common pleas court: 0 : nightly: 2/11/2025 5:44:00 pm: miam-jail: miami county jail: 130 (937) 440-3971: twice hourly: 2/12/2025 2:57:00 pm: miam-muni: miami county municipal court: 0 (937)440-3969: nightly: 2/10/2025 6:12:00 pm 4 days ago · FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Pawhuska, OK. Honesty, especially regarding past criminal convictions, probation etc. Entering Inmate Details : You will need to enter specific information about the inmate you are searching for. 17,626 likes · 1,923 talking about this · 120 were here. You can access Miami County Jail’s information using the following two options: Visit the Miami Postcards and envelopes MUST be mailed to the following address: Inmate's Full Name & Inmate ID# Miami County Jail 209 S. Call the Spring Hill City Jail by 913-592-2700 and ask if an inmate is contained. McPherson, KS 67460. It is overseen by the Saline County Sheriffs Office and serves as the primary detention center for the area. Administration Building 201 South Pearl, Suite 200 Paola, KS 66071. Hours of Operation: Monday – Friday. March 19, 2020 at 7:48 am EDT. When breaking down the MIAMI County jail population by gender, females are a minority compared to male prisoners and make 19% with 23 female and 110 male inmates. You can call them 24 hours a day for inmate information at 937-440-3971. With a capacity to house up to 144 inmates, the Washington County jail is responsible for detaining a variety of offenders, ranging from those awaiting trial to Please use this address format when sending money orders to the jail: INMATE’S NAME C/O MARION COUNTY JAIL 202 S. The department is dedicated to maintaining public safety through comprehensive approaches that include crime prevention, investigative services, and community involvement. Inmate Information. The County Jail was opened in 1967 The facility has a capacity of 42 inmates, which is the maximum amount of beds per facility. MIAMI County has 17 jails with an average daily population of 1,931 inmates with a total of 17 jail population. Oct 10, 2024 · Use this website for informational purposes only. There are two ways to find an inmate in this city jail. Settled within the confines of Miami County, the Miami County detention center presents an array of services designed to maintain a protected and beneficial environment for offenders. Official Phone Number. Navigate to the Largest Database of Miami County Mugshots. This institution resides at 2042 NorR 25-A, Troy, OH, 45373, in Miami County. Darke. Inmates are not allowed to make phone calls to 911. Miami County Detention Center may require visitors to fill out an application prior to your visiting an inmate. P: (913) 294 Dec 4, 2024 · The Miami County Jail allows loved ones and supporters to send correspondence and packages to inmates, fostering interaction and assistance during their time in confinement. Apr 27, 2024 · The Osawatomie Police Department, located in Miami County, Kansas, acts as the principal law enforcement agency for the community of Osawatomie. This website contains information on inmates currently in custody in only the jail(s) listed below. This county jail is operated locally by the Miami County Sheriff's Office and holds inmates awaiting trial or sentencing. You can get in touch with the Miami County Sheriff's Office at the following address: Miami County Sheriff's Office 201 W Main Street Troy, OH 45373. Oct 24, 2024 · Miami County Jail serves as a differing institution focused on law enforcement. Inmate Roster Jail Contact Us Contact Staff. Pearl Street Paola, KS 66071 Miami County KS Jail is located in the city of Paola, Kansas which has a population of 5,602 (as of 2016) residents. Visitation Guidelines and Hours Arranging a Visit. g. So, if you have a question or need something, you can easily call to get the information How do I find out if someone has been arrested and booked into the Miami County Detention Center? To find out if someone you know has been recently arrested and booked into the Miami County Detention Center, call the jail’s booking line at 913-294-3232. The facility serves as a temporary holding location for individuals awaiting court proceedings or those serving shorter sentences. The current facility opened in 2010 and has the capacity to house 244 inmates. Some jails also have public inmate rosters accessible online. Capacity The Miami County Jail is a 96-bed facility. Darke County Inmates. The current 112-bed jail designed for Miami County, consists of 102 general population beds and 10 additional beds for temporary holding, isolation, and segregation. Please be aware that when you exit this site, you are no longer protected by our privacy or security policies. Miami County Jail inmate search, jail roster, bookings, arrests. Find detailed information on bookings, inmate lookup, and release records from official sources. Inmates are not allowed to make phone calls to collect calls. Home to nationally ranked school systems and state champion sports teams, citizens can choose their pace of life in Miami County and live within the city limits or in the rural areas of the county. How can a friend or family member deposit money for an inmate? Miami County Detention Center has its own methods for receiving money for inmates, and that information can be found above or by calling 913-294-3232 and asking, however most jails and prisons receive money for an inmate’s trust and commissary account, as well as an account used for communications, pretty much the same way. Miami County Jail Located in the city of Troy, Miami County, Ohio, the Miami County Jail is a 48-bed jail. On January 29, 1861, Kansas became the 34th state of the United States of America. Miami County Jail 118 South Pearl Street, Paola, KS. Carefully fill out the application. Johnson County New Century Adult Detention Center West 159th Street, Olathe, KS - 18. Feb 3, 2025 · Inmate Roster (24) Options. This jail resides at 201 West Main Street, Troy, OH, 45373, in Miami County. Main navigation Search inmates and booking history by inmate name. The office, located in Paola, Kansas, is headed by Undersheriff Contact at Sheriff's Office and Captain Andrew Roush. This Miami County correction CITY & COUNTY JAILS Inmate Search for Miami County - Jails in Kansas. Citizens can reach out to the agency for assistance or information by calling their main phone line at 913-837-3191, where the department’s dedicated Miami County Jail 201 W. It is overseen by the Miami County Sheriffs Department and serves as the primary detention center for the region. The information provided, after filling in the search bar below, contains complete information of their previous arrests, previous convictions and incarcerations, their date of birth, aliases, last known address and phone number, any relatives and close Welcome to Miamicountyjail. No information is available for inmates housed in other jails. This prison has a capacity of 42 inmates, which means this is the maximum amount of beds per facility. 6 miles. Contact us > Address. The jail opened in 2018. Miami County Jail Information and Inmate Search. 48 Hour Release >> Click 48 hour release to view all persons released from the Jefferson County, Kansas Sheriff's Office Detention Center within the last 48 hours. The Miami County Sheriff's Office, led by Sheriff Matthew P. The Miami County Jail is a minimum to maximum security facility located in Troy, Ohio. To ensure the security of the institution, all correspondence is screened by jail staff before being distributed. Contact the Jail: Call the Miami Dade County Jail directly at 305-375-5111 for up-to-date release information. (July 8th, 2024)—The Osage County Sheriff’s Office announced today that it has joined the nationwide OffenderWatch sex offender registry network, which enables interagency collaboration on investigations and sharing of critical information involving registered sex offenders with other local law enforcement agencies across the country. Aug 31, 2024 · Miami County Jail is a custodial facility located in Troy, of Miami County in the state of Ohio. 209 S. Dec 19, 2024 · The Anderson County Jail KS is located at 135 East 5th Avenue, Garnett, KS, 66032, in Anderson County. 1104 W 200 N Peru, IN 46970. Public Safety and Emergency Services County Inmate Locator Tool: Use the Miami Dade County Jail’s online inmate locator tool to check the current custody status of an inmate. Administration. , is important. When breaking down the MIAMI County jail population by gender, females are a minority compared to male prisoners and make 29% with 5 female and 25 male inmates. These inmates have been convicted under the law of Kansas state and according to the listed penalty, inmates who are 18+ are serving time in the Miami County Jail for unforgivable crimes. The official mailing address for the Miami Dade County Jail is: Miami Dade County Jail 1321 NW 13th Street Miami, FL 33125. org, your premier online destination for locating individuals within Florida’s correctional facilities. Greene. Troy, Ohio 45373 (937) 440-3971 Miami County Incarceration Facility 2042 N. Information regarding inmates held at the Miami County Jail, KS, is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Kansas VINE is a service through which victims of crime can use the telephone, internet, or mobile app to search for information regarding the custody status of their offender and to register to receive telephone, e-mail, text, or in-app notifications when the offender’s custody status changes. Constantly updated. The jail is comprised of 2 facilities: The Miami County Jail and the Miami County Incarceration Facility. Searching an Inmate. The primary jail is the Miami County Jail. The facility houses Male Offenders who are convicted for crimes which come under Kansas state and federal laws. The Miami County Jail is a 96-bed facility. Visitation: Inmates of the Marion County Jail are allowed to have visitors while being incarcerated at the jail, except when an inmate is restricted from doing so. The number of Black or African American inmates who were confined went from 1 to 0 for every 100,000 black population of the United States between 2016 and 2021. Oct 21, 2024 · The Washington County Jail is located at 301 B Street, Washington, KS, 66968, in Washington County. In MIAMI COUNTY, the average confined population for White inmates is 0 per 100,000 white citizens, which is the same with the confined population for Black or African American inmates. 45-221) as a Jail Calendar. Other Jails & Prisons Nearby. 4th MARION, KS 66861. The facility capacity is designed to accommodate around 73 offenders, although it has been known to operate over capacity. 200 North, Peru, IN, 46970 in Miami County, this facility is managed by the office of Public Safety. MIAMI COUNTY JAIL: 128 (937) 440-3971: TWICE HOURLY: 2/12/2025 Oct 17, 2024 · Miami County Jail, positioned in the center of Ohio, acts as a critical facility within the law enforcement framework of Miami County. Miami County, KS Jail and Prison System MIAMI County has 123 jails with an average daily population of 292 inmates with a total of 123 jail population. It houses grown-up male detainees (over 18 years old) who are indicted for violations which go under Kansas state law. The center can be contacted via phone at 913-294-4444. Our mission is to provide a reliable, efficient, and secure platform for friends, family, and concerned citizens to access critical information about incarcerated individuals in Miami County and across the state of Ohio. The Detention Center and enforcement area is open 24 hours a day. Miami County Jail is one of the largest single-site county correctional facilities in the United States, holding up to 5,000 inmates daily and admitting up 93,000 pre-trial detainees each year. Oct 22, 2024 · The Miami County Jail, situated in Troy, Ohio, is a significant facility within Miami County. Send all Legal Mail to this Address: Inmate's Full Name & Inmate ID# Miami County Jail 209 S. Main St. Start by looking on the website on their search page. Miami- Dade Corrections & Rehabilitation Department Headquarters 3505 NW 107 Ave. Miami County, OH 201 W Main Street Troy, Ohio 45373 Phone: 937-440-6085 Fax: 937-440-3524 8am - 4pm Monday - Friday To find out what phone service is being used for inmates housed in Miami County, call 913-294-3232, or if the phone service is not noted above, click on one of these companies below, each of which provide service for jails in the state of Kansas: Mar 18, 2020 · Miami County Bookings County Jail Bookings. Oct 29, 2024 · Use this website for informational purposes only. The jail is maintained and operated by sheriffs in Miami County. All Video Visitations are recorded and subject to monitoring for the safety, security and best interest of the Miami County Jail. Jan 13, 2025 · The Miami County Incarceration Facility, situated in Troy, Ohio, is a significant facility within Miami County. Inmate Visitation Lobby Visitation Currently the lobby visitation is closed until further notice. Located at 1104 W. Dec 12, 2024 · Use this website for informational purposes only. The current jail opened in 2018. All correspondence is liable to scrutiny and should not have any items that are considered prohibited items. Welcome to Miamidadejailroster. Oct 25, 2024 · The Miami County Jail is located at , Paola, KS, 66071, in Miami County. Incomplete paperwork is cause for denial. Miami County Jail 209 South Pearl Street, Paola, KS The Miami County Sheriff's Office is responsible for law enforcement, emergency management, and the county jail in Miami County, Kansas. Dec 26, 2024 · How do I find out if someone is in Miami County KS Detention Center? To check if an individual is incarcerated at Miami Co Jail, use the inmate locator provided on the website or call 913-294-3232 for assistance. Personnel Inmates are allowed one (1) 20 minute visit per person per day KS 66071 . Dec 16, 2024 · Miami County Incarceration Facility is a correctional facility located in Troy, of Miami County in the state of Ohio. Incorrect information? Suggest an edit! Suggest Edit × Name Address City County State Postal Code Phone Fax Email Inmate Mail Address Website Visitation hours Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Holiday Facility type Security level Offender gender Population (capacity) Employees Established in Warden Sheriff Sheriff Office Mail request to: Miami County Sheriff's Office Attn: Records Division 209 South Pearl St Paola, KS 66071; Provide a report number (if available), date, time, location of the incident, name(s) of the person(s) involved. It is overseen by the Anderson County Sheriffs Department and serves as the primary holding space for the region. The Miami-Dade Corrections & Rehabilitation Department typically houses 4,000 – 4,200 inmates and is comprised of 4 area jails. Name Jail; Emergency Communications; Address: 605 Neosho Street Burlington, KS 66839 County Map. The official phone number for the Miami Dade County Jail is: (786) 263-7000. It is overseen by the and serves as the primary correction facility for the locality. Miami-Dade County is not responsible for the content provided on linked sites. A large portion of the detainee’s spending time in jail […] 8-262 Driving while license cancelled/suspended/revoked: STAT 8-142 Vehicles; Unlawful Acts; e. S. The general contact number for the Miami County Sheriff's Office is: (937) 440-6085. To search for an inmate in the Miami County Detention Center, review their criminal charges, the amount of their bond, when they can get visits, or even view their mugshot, go to the Official Jail Inmate Roster, or call the jail at 913-294-3232 for the information you are looking for. Incorrect information? Suggest an edit! Suggest Edit × Name Address City County State Postal Code Phone Fax Email Inmate Mail Address Website Visitation hours Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Holiday Facility type Security level Offender gender Population (capacity) Employees Established in Warden Sheriff Sheriff Office Miami County, KS Jail and Inmate Records. Menu Close. . Pearl Street Paola, KS 66071. Serving & Protecting the Citizens of Miami County Since 1855 This page is not monitored 24/7. Miami County Jail South Pearl Street, Paola, KS - 0. 117 North Maple. Contact Us. For non-emergency dispatch, you can call: (937) 440-9911. apg carzdq itgbpyey bxrq evct gwsdze vanlj cpshqcd mdzyv aawy lgqc dofzp sea tgwu zby